Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome in Dogs: Helping Your Senior Dog Age Gracefully

As our dogs enter their senior years, it’s natural for some of their habits and behaviours to change. However, certain changes are not always considered ‘normal’ and can signal specific underlying issues in our pets. Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS) is a condition similar to dementia in humans that can affect memory, learning, and awareness in older dogs. Although there is no single test for CDS, early recognition and appropriate care can help your dog maintain a good quality of life to ensure they keep enjoying their golden years.

Recognizing the Signs of Cognitive Dysfunction

If your dog is over eight years old, you may notice subtle shifts in their behaviour that could indicate cognitive decline. Some dogs begin to appear disoriented, getting lost in familiar places or staring blankly at walls. Others may develop sleep disturbances, such as restlessness at night or pacing for long periods, when they would normally be sleeping. House-training accidents may also become more frequent as they forget established routines.

Changes in social behaviour are also common. Some dogs seem less interested in interacting with family members or other pets, while others may develop increased anxiety or even occasional aggression. Hearing and vision loss often accompany these changes and can contribute to their sense of confusion or unease.

Treatment Options for Senior Dogs with CDS

While there is no current cure for cognitive dysfunction, early treatment can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of its effects.

Prescribed medications, such as Trazadone and Gabapentin, are one way to help manage ongoing anxiety, restlessness, or aggression. Gabapentin is commonly used for its calming effects and for pain management. While Trazodone can be given an hour or two before bedtime to help your dog settle more easily at night. In more severe cases, medications such as benzodiazepines, acepromazine, or certain antidepressants may be recommended to help your dog feel more comfortable and reduce agitation.

Supplements designed to support brain health can also be beneficial. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA, are known to support learning and may help reduce aggression. Other options include phosphatidylserine, a phospholipid that supports brain cell function, and ginkgo biloba, which can improve blood flow to the brain (though it should be used with caution as it may increase bleeding risk). Vitamins such as E and B6, as well as SAM-e (S-adenosylmethionine), are also used to support cognitive and liver function. Commercial products like UBAVET Cognadin Memory & Brain Support are available but often take 60 to 90 days before any noticeable effects occur.

Prescription diets can complement these treatments. As a few examples, Hill’s Prescription Diet b/d contains antioxidants and cofactors that protect brain cells from damage, while Purina Pro Plan NeuroCare is formulated to support cognitive health with medium-chain triglycerides and other brain-supportive nutrients.

Supporting Your Dog at Home

In addition to medications, supplements or prescribed diets, mental and physical enrichment plays a key role in supporting senior dogs with CDS. Teaching your dog new tricks or practicing simple commands can keep their mind engaged. Interactive games or food puzzles can also provide mental stimulation. Paired with daily positive gentle training, these simple 10-15 minute exercises can significantly impact your dog's daily enjoyment, while helping them feel secure and connected. For dogs struggling with house-training, setting up a safe indoor potty space or using pee pads may also reduce stress for both you and your pet.

Monitoring and Ongoing Care

It’s important to track your dog’s behaviour, noting any changes or improvements. Regular veterinary visits allow adjustments to treatment plans as needed and ensure that your dog remains as comfortable and happy as possible in their golden years.

If you have started noticing changes in your senior dog’s behaviour, please reach out to info@harmonyvets.ca or call us directly at 604-906-4824. Catching cognitive issues early means we can offer more options and better support to help your dog age gracefully.

The Harmony Vets Team